Playful Urbanism in Diyarbakır: Dynamics of Power and Play in Public Space Design

Abstract

Public spaces act as mirrors, reflecting the intricate power dynamics which are shaped by governmental, societal, and representational factors. They are filled with political and social life, shaped by the complex interplay of knowledge and power that seeks to organize our cities into specific patterns and structures (Foucault, 2008). Urban designers are influenced by these power relations, thus creating spaces that convey an idealized lifestyle and a particular set of behaviours, which in turn are influenced by power relations in urban management, societal morals, and capitalist economy. However, these ideal lifestyle expectations often diminish in everyday life and are disrupted and reshaped by playful actions, leading to different experiences (Lefebvre, 1991). Play theory brings attention to unplanned and informal activities, providing a new outlook on power structures and public spaces, and unveiling social dynamics between people and public spaces. This approach advocates for an innovative method in the design of public spaces (Stevens, 2007). The main goal of this article is to define activities considered as 'play' and to highlight their significant role in building social connections and enhancing urban life. By examining the intricate interplay between various interpretations of play and power structures, this article illustrates how play moves beyond the constraints of everyday life to become a substantial force in shaping social interactions and transforming the urban landscape.

The research is centred on Seyh Said Square in the Sur district of Diyarbakır, Turkey's largest Kurdish city, known for its rich cultural, archaeological, and ethnological heritage, and the surrounding parks near the Diyarbakır walls of historical significance. The study encompasses field research, observations, and surveys. The area is notable for its vibrant culture and diverse societal and political representations (Diken, 2002). The space's unique character facilitates a distinctive kind of connection among users, authorities, and urban designers. Play is recognized as an essential component of urban design that values everyday life, meets needs and aspirations, reassesses the environment, respects the collective memory of individuals and communities, and incorporates them into the urban design process (Boano, Talocci, 2014). This study aims to explore alternative narratives in urban design within the context of social engagement and public space usage. It adopts a holistic and participatory design stance, framing the discourse around the concept of playful activities and their importance in fostering participation and shaping urban design.